The Holocaust And The Bosnian Genocide - 1784 Words

A genocide is a horrible kind of war. It is a mass killing and torturing of innocent people who do not deserve any of it. There are many stages of genocides, which may or may not go in the same order. The Holocaust, being the largest genocide and a horrible point in history, is similar and different to the Bosnian/Croatian genocide. Although many aspects lead up to these genocides and other similar wars, there are possible measures that could have been taken to prevent all of this. No human should have to endure the pain of a genocide, especially as horrible as the Holocaust, or Croatian/Bosnian war. The Holocaust and the Bosnian genocide both consisted of many stages that led to a variety of horrible events, both similar and different, which could have been prevented if certain actions were taken into consideration. Could anyone imagine a mass killing, or more accurately described, an extermination, of a group of people with the same race or nationality (Dictionary)? This is described as a genocide. Many tragic genocides have taken place in the world. During a genocide, a human is being taken control of, and being killed because he or she does not meet a certain criteria. It is arguably the worst occurrence mankind could partake in. Tim Walz, an American politician, once said, â€Å"You have to understand what caused genocide to happen. Or it will happen again† (â€Å"Tim Walz Quote†). This leads into the idea that there were stages of a genocide, and that it can not simply happenShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust And The Bosnian Genocide1837 Words   |  8 Pagesterrifying events in earth’s history are the German Holocaust and the Bosnian genocide. Both are similar in the ways they horrified and innocently killed their victims. They massacred based on which religion you belie ved in. We all know that the Jews were victims to the Nazis, but not many know that Muslims were the unlucky recipient of the Bosnian genocide. Also, the techniques used to innocently kill the persecuted group are parallel. How these genocides occurred is very alike; this includes eachRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Bosnian Genocide1310 Words   |  6 PagesMerriam-Webster Dictionary defines the word â€Å"genocide† as â€Å"the killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political, or cultural group† (Merriam). But aren’t genocides much more then that? Over the past hundred years, there have been several attempted genocides around the world. Two of the most well-known genocides are the Holocaust (the Nazi’s attempt to destroy the Jewish people) and the Bosnian genocide (the Serbians attempt to destroy the Bosnian population). This paper analyzes a politicalRead MoreFascism to Genocide - 968 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents on the Holocaust (S trasser 26). During the Holocaust, the German dictator, Adolf Hitler, was lured in by the power that an autocratic society provides. He and his group, the Nazi Party, captured and executed millions of Jews in order to benefit Germany with ethnic cleansing. The Holocaust is one of the most infamous genocides in history. â€Å"Genocide† is defined as â€Å"the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political, or cultural group† (â€Å"Genocide†). According toRead MoreThe Bosnian Genocide Was A Mass Killing1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bosnian genocide was a mass killing similar to the Holocaust that occurred in Bosnia Herzegovina shortly after the separation from the former state of Yugoslavia, disbanded in 1992 due to the Yugoslav Wars (The Breakup of Yugoslavia, 1990–1992 - 1989–1992 - Milestones - Office of the Historian.). Akin to most other genocides that have previously been recorded throughout history, the Bosnian genocide was caused by part of the population believing they had second-rate citizens in their land,Read MoreGenocide And The Holocaust772 Words   |  4 Pages Genocide is one of the most tragic events that can happen around the world. Identifying the stages is the most crucial part of stopping these horrible acts. The Bosnian Genocide and the Holocaust could have been prevented or stopped if the 8 stages were properly identified . There are 8 stages of genocide and the first stage is Classification. Classification is putting people into groups based on race, ethnicity, and religion. These groups usually are separated into the superior people and the inferiorRead MoreA Brief Look at the Bosnian Genocide Essay947 Words   |  4 Pages They occur and we neglect to notice the unearned inequity. Even though genocide is difficult encounter as actuality it is. The Bosnian genocide was a heartbreaking event that caused misery and loss of lives to 100,000 with 80,000 being of the Bosnian culture (Bosnia-Herzegovina). March 1, 1992-December 14, 1995 35 dreadful months for the Bosnians. If you think of all the terrifying things done to them they would sometimes rather be dead than alive. Could imagine being in so much agony you wouldRead MoreThe Bridge Over The Drina1139 Words   |  5 PagesThis quote references Bosnia, yet it does not reference the 1992 genocide. In fact, the author of this quote died decades before General Josep Tito, decades before the first rumblings of the fall Yugoslavia, and decades before the first atrocity was committed. In his book, Love Thy Neighbor, Peter Maass includes this quote from Nobel Prize winning Yugoslav author, Ivo Andrić’s novel, The Bridge over the Drina, to reveal how the seemingly peaceful multicultural arrangement between Muslims and ChristiansRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Greek Word That Means `` Sacrifice By Fire ``1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust Holocaust is a Greek word that means â€Å"sacrifice by fire† and this was a theme which the Nazis used against the Jewish population after they came in power in January of 1933. Jews were not the only race that were targeted during this period. The Gypsies, the disabled, the Poles, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and also the Russians were also part of the different groups that were targeted by the Nazis when their reign began in 1933. The Jews endured the most impact of the HolocaustRead MoreGenocide during the Bosnian War1086 Words   |  5 PagesRaphael Lemkin described genocide as acts of barbarism that should be outlawed, even in times of war. Lemkin is right. Genocide is a cruel vicious act that I do not wish upon my greatest enemies. It is torture and death. A lot of people think genocide is a thing of the past. After all it is 2014 already. We are so much more advanced and connected then back during the time of the Holocaust. A genocide started just 22 years ago and it was during the Bosnian War. The Bosnian Genocide was atrocious becauseRead MoreGenocide Essay997 Words   |  4 Pages Unfortunately, genocide and mass killings happen in many places around the world and bring destruction to thousands of people. Genocide is the deliberate and systematic killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. Some genocides occur due to small, invading groups of people, or one dictator in power who dreams of a â€Å"pure† land to rule. Others occur because of a country’s own government and the people in it who wish to change the makeup of their country

Fourth Amendment Of Us Constitution - 1654 Words

1) Fourth Amendment of Us constitution provides the following: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or afï ¬ rmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Explanation: Hence the above statement says that Constitution provides the privacy to the citizens and this law doesn’t allow searching and seizing of citizen’s belongings (properties) by the government for no reason. This law emphasizes that citizens will not be allowed to any type of searching or arresting without any specific reason by the government. But still if there is anything the government should do a search of individual’s houses or business or to seize any other documents in that case there should be a good reason and ample amount of evidences to proceed on this. Searching means the act of checking others belongings as a part of investigation or something assuming Evidence for any case. Seizing is the act of taking some ones properties which are the sources of evidence of the case. 2) Law enforcement officers are people appointed by government to safeguard the people and make sure citizens are following the rules. If we are travelling on a car and if any officer stops our vehicle we need to stop the vehicle and cooperate with him. Below are the can and can’t do ofShow MoreRelatedThe Fourth Amendment Of Us Constitution1241 Words   |  5 Pages 1) Fourth Amendment of Us constitution provides the following: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or afï ¬ rmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Explanation: Hence the above statement says that Constitution provides the privacy to the citizensRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The Us Constitution929 Words   |  4 Pagesunconstitutional. The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution protects its citizens by giving â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures† (U.S. Const., amend. IV). This amendment aims to prevent officers from conducting random searches of a citizens’ property and aims to give them a reasonable expectation of privacy. Some searches such as a dog sniff inspection are also invalid under the fourth amendment. This is becauseRead MoreIs Cyber Bullying Ruins Self Esteem?1531 Words   |  7 PagesCyber-bullying ruins self-esteem when it occurs and Cyber-bullying as well as regular bulling supports the First and Fourth Amendment. The First Amendment gives citizens of the United States the right to say, write, publish, and believe what they want as long as it does not violate the rights of others and create dangerous situations. Many US citizens that believe the First Amendment applies to students would agree that students have the right to voice their opinions and that hate speech is protectedRead MoreShould The Police Search The House Without A Warrant?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthings to be seized.† (Fried Kerr, p. 1) The Bill of Rights gives citizens’ rights and freedoms and specifically, the Fourth Amendment protects them from illegal search and seizures. â€Å"The Fourth Amendment does not guarantee against all searches and seizures; only those are deemed unreasonable under the law.† (What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?, 2017) The Fourth Amendment establishes that for any government official to search a person s home, bank, business, papers, or personal items, he mustRead MoreCourt And Process : Constitutional Court989 Words   |  4 Pagesinsists that is in the faith amendment and it should be until the bill of right of the state government, and the federal government were unsure of the faith amendment was so clear. However, after the civil war the state of government made the fourth amendment that the state can’t take any bill of rights from the citizen. 2. Facts: The case began with John Barron when he sue the city of Baltimore, claiming that the city deprived him and his property in the fifth Amendment, says that government can’tRead MoreThe Book 1984 By George Orwell961 Words   |  4 Pagesare basically stripped of every right that citizens, in the United States, are guaranteed under the US Constitution. Some examples of the Bill of Rights Amendments that were absent in the book would be the First Amendment, Fourth Amendment, Sixth Amendment, as well as the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendment, and also many others. Under the First Amendment in the United States Constitution, it is stated, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibitingRead MoreEssay about i dont know879 Words   |  4 Pages I have chosen to write my paper on the Fourth amendment, which prohibits unreasonable search and seizures. I feel this is one of the most important amendments we have in our constitution. This amendment protects our right to privacy and property. We the people have rights to equal treatment under the law, we should not be judged based on our sex, age or skin color. The framers felt the freedoms of the fourth amendment were a foundation of what we stood for and it was an essential part of our countyRead MoreDrug Testing for School Athletes966 Words   |  4 Pageshowever mandatory drug tests are a violation of the Fourth Amendment, the Fifth Amendment and drug testing reverses the legal principle of innocent until proven guilty. In order to protect the rights of the American people, drug testing student-athletes without suspicion and without sufficient evidence should not be introduced into school athletics due to the fact that it violates the Fourth Amendment and the Fifth Amendme nt of the Constitution. Without suspicion of drug use, schools cannot requireRead MoreThe Issue Of Concern : Warrantless Gps Devices A Violation Of The Fourth Amendment1129 Words   |  5 PagesSomewhere along the lines, a few forget the oath and end up violating some of those rights. This paper present a few violations of rights under the US Constitution scenario; furthermore, it will also attempt to explain the outcomes. First Issue of concern: Warrantless GPS Devices a violation of the Fourth Amendment Summary of Facts Despite not obtaining a warrant or following instructions from the Sheriff to hold off, Officer Renegade placed a GPS deviceRead MoreSituations where Warrantless Searches Are Permissible645 Words   |  3 PagesSearches The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States guarantees the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. (Fourth Amendment) In order to avoid an illegal search or seizure, the police must first obtain a search warrant upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. (Fourth Amendment) Despite

Business Case Analysis Affordable Housing Project

Question: Discuss about the Business Case Analysis for Affordable Housing Project. Answer: Introduction In conventional business case literature, several factors are always mentioned that are to be fulfilled while preparing a business case report for a project. The chosen business case is Willoughby Council, Community Housing Ltd and the Association to Resource Cooperative Housing: Barton Rd, Artarmon; Debt-equity model. This case study is a business case based on an affordable housing project in New South Wales, Australia. In this particular case study, the project is based on the construction of some units of affordable houses for the people who do not have sufficient quality of living place (Emsley et al. 2008). The project scope is limited within the construction of several house units that have been estimated prior to the execution. Moreover, for expansion of the project scope, it has been decided that some more units will be constructed to the initially estimated and as a result, the project will be conducted in a number of phases. The sole purpose of this essay is to critically analyze the chosen business case against the traditional business case concepts (generated from literature review study) regarding certain important factors of a business project. Comparison between Chosen Business Case and Literature Involving Business Cases Contents The chosen business case is Willoughby Council, Community Housing Ltd and the Association to Resource Cooperative Housing: Barton Rd, Artarmon; Debt-equity model. This case study is a business case based on an affordable housing project in New South Wales, Australia. This business case more or less follows traditional project management guidelines and is based on the theories and propositions of general business cases. However, there are some differences between the approaches followed in this business case with the traditional project management literature. In conventional business case literature, several factors are always mentioned that are to be fulfilled while preparing a business case report for a project. Some of these factors based on popular business case literatures are as follows. Preparation of a Project Scope Before execution of a project, the scope of the project must be analyzed and verified in order to identify the limitations of the project. Business cases are planned and executed in order to gain certain cost benefits in the future. Hence, determination of project scope is necessary during the planning phase of the business case. Again, according to Boyd (2013), while determining project scope, some assumptions are to be made. This is because, when a business project is planned, the parent organization expects some benefits. However, before the end of the project, the outputs cannot be confirmed and can only be estimated. Hence, some assumptions are made prior to the execution of the project and the end results are judged by these assumptions. Analysis of the Possible Options The success of a project depends on a number of factors including time schedule, available resources, project scope, modifications during projects and others. Hence, in spite of deciding on one particular target for the final deliverable of the project, the outcomes may differ based on the factors. For this reason, Squires and Hutchison (2014) suggested that some possible options must be determined before the initiation of a business project so that the final objective can be met. In other words, while preparing the business project, a specific project path is determined and during this phase, a number of other options regarding the project approach should be considered. This will provide more flexibility to the project and will increase the chances of success. Cost Benefits (Estimated and Actual) The ultimate objective of business projects (except some internal projects and charity causes) is to gain a significant amount of cost benefit for the parent organization. In these projects, firstly the end target is determined that will earn significant cost benefits for the company on a long term basis. However, according to Tan et al. (2014), in most cases, it is seen that the final deliverables often differ than the targeted ones i.e. the cost benefit earned is less than the estimated value. This provides negative effects on the outcome of the project. For this reason, Benecki, Andrew and Chan (2014) suggested that there should not be any particular value for estimated cost benefit. Rather, a wide range should be estimated as well as some project modifications should be proposed in case the actual cost benefit does not lie within the estimated range. Roles of Project Stakeholders According to Nardone, Cho and Moses (2012), the roles of stakeholders are the most important aspects of business projects. From planning of project to execution and closing of the project, different stakeholders are involved. Moreover, the success of the project depends largely on the efficiency of the stakeholders in managing different aspects of the project. Hence, Pronk et al. (2015) clearly stated that determination of the stakeholders of the project and appointment of the right personnel in the right project stakeholder role is necessary. Cash Flow Statement Cash flow statement is more related to accounting and is an important part of a business case. Cash flow statement is mainly prepared for keeping track of income and expenses encountered during a business activity or the course of the project. Willard (2012) said that preparing a cash flow statement is necessary in any business projects in order to keep track of the expenses encountered during the project. Since business projects are mainly based on earning significant cost benefits, keeping track of expenses during the project is necessary. Analysis of Potential Risks Finally, another most important aspect of a business project is the analysis of potential risks that might be encountered during or even after the project. Risks are integral parts of any project that lacks suitable risk mitigation plans. Some risks are very minor in nature while some others are so major that they can threaten to stop the progress of the project entirely. Hahn et al. (2014) emphasized on the fact that a risk analysis test must be conducted before the start of the project so that they can easily mitigated in case they are encountered during the course of the project. According to the comparison analysis between the chosen case study and the business case literature explained in the above part, the following factors can be explained in detail. Project Scope and Assumptions In this particular case study, the project is based on the construction of some units of affordable houses for the people who do not have sufficient quality of living place. The project scope is limited within the construction of several house units that have been estimated prior to the execution. Moreover, for expansion of the project scope, it has been decided that some more units will be constructed to the initially estimated and as a result, the project will be conducted in a number of phases (Emsley et al. 2008). Also, it has been assumed that the total costs of the project will be covered by leveraged finances and the government fundings. It has also being assumed that Community Housing Limited and Willoughby Council will share the total number of house units in terms of ownership. Hence, this follows the general conception of scope and assumptions stated in the business case literature. Options Analysis From the literature review, it has been known that keeping some options open is important for any business project. The use of this concept has been observed in this business case as well in terms choice of land and availability of funds. In spite of securing sponsors for the project and estimating the final expenses for the project, the authority has made available several other funding options that might be used if the available funds are not sufficient for completion of the project. Again, the authority has already chosen a particular area of land for executing the construction project (Emsley et al. 2008). However, some other areas have also been chosen as options that might be used if the primary sites are not suitable for the project. Hence, this business case also follows the traditional concepts and also reduces the chances of failure of project due to non-availability of land or sufficient funds. Anticipated Benefits As mentioned previously, the ultimate objective of business projects (except some internal projects and charity causes) is to gain a significant amount of cost benefit for the parent organization. However, in this chosen business case, the project organization has not prepared for any estimated cost benefits and other related factors. Several objectives have been set regarding the end deliverable of the project. There have no anticipated cost benefit analyses done in the project and also the organization has nominated Community Housing Limited (CHL) for management responsibilities and debt liabilities (Emsley et al. 2008). This has made a huge gap in the outcome of the project because in spite of being a joint venture with availability of government funds, only the private organization will be held for any liabilities or issues that is not desirable at all. Moreover, the private organization may not agree with the terms and pull out from the project that will re sult in stopping of the project at an immature phase. Stakeholder Roles In the chosen business case, the stakeholders have not been specified in the right manner. There are only mentions of involved organizations and other personnel that are involved in the project for the description of their roles and requirements. However, specific posts have not been mentioned and no specific person has been appointed in a particular post for the project. This situation must be improved and the organization must appoint suitable personnel in specific stakeholder posts in order to execute the project in the right direction. Cash Flow Statement The organization in the chosen business case has prepared an overall summarized data sheets and asset values statement for the project. However, these are definitely not sufficient for the business project (Giordano and Fulli 2012). Preparation and updating of cash flow statements are necessary for keeping track of the expenses encountered during the project while the organization only manages a summarized expense sheet. This system must be changed in order to ensure positive outcomes from the project. Risk Analysis - Risks are integral parts of any project that lacks suitable risk mitigation plans. Some risks are very minor in nature while some others are so major that they can threaten to stop the progress of the project entirely (Hockerts 2015). Similarly, in this project, there are several potential risks as well. However, as per the limits of the business case, the organization has not yet conducted a risk analysis that is very important for the progress of the project. On the hand, the organization does have prepared some options for the most risky aspects of the project and hence, risks can possibly be mitigated without any significant difficulty. Conclusion After conducting the literature review study and using it as the basis for critical analysis of the chosen business project, the following conclusions can be reached. Following the general conception of scope and assumptions stated in the business case literature, the business case organization has assumed that the total costs of the project will be covered by leveraged finances and the government fundings. It has also being assumed that Community Housing Limited and Willoughby Council will share the total number of house units in terms of ownership. Hence, this business case also follows the traditional concepts and also reduces the chances of failure of project due to non-availability of land or sufficient funds. This business case also follows the traditional concepts of keeping extra options for the project and reduces the chances of failure of project due to non-availability of land or sufficient funds. However, there have no anticipated cost benefit analyses done in the project and this has made a huge gap in the outcome of the project because in spite of being a joint venture with availability of government funds, only the private organization will be held for any liabilities or issues that is not desirable at all. The company has also not conducted any risk analysis test at all that might result in problems during execution of the project. It is recommended that in spite of keeping extra options, the organization should conduct a risk analysis test so that they can be mitigated easily if encountered. References Benecki, L.A., Andrew, J.S. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Evaluating the Feasibility of an Affordable Housing and Community Centre: A Case Study from Rural Ontario.Journal of Rural Community Development,9(2). Boyd, R., 2013. Bringing the GSE's Back In: Bailouts, US Housing Policy, and the Moral Case for Fannie Mae.Geo. JL Pub. Pol'y,11, p.457. Clarkson, P.J., Coleman, R., Keates, S. and Lebbon, C., 2013.Inclusive design: Design for the whole population. Springer Science Business Media. Emsley, S., Phibbs, P., Crabtree, L., Weber, L., Dephoff, M., Moline, H. and Lawler, S., 2008. Models of sustainable and affordable housing for local government: final report. Giordano, V. and Fulli, G., 2012. A business case for Smart Grid technologies: A systemic perspective.Energy Policy,40, pp.252-259. Hahn, T., Preuss, L., Pinkse, J. and Figge, F., 2014. Cognitive frames in corporate sustainability: Managerial sensemaking with paradoxical and business case frames.Academy of Management Review,39(4), pp.463-487. Hockerts, K., 2015. A cognitive perspective on the business case for corporate sustainability.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(2), pp.102-122. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Nardone, M., Cho, R. and Moses, K., 2012. Medicaid-financed services in supportive housing for high-need homeless beneficiaries: the business case.Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc., June. Nichols, P.M., 2012. The business case for complying with bribery laws.American Business Law Journal,49(2), pp.325-368. Pronk, N.P., Baase, C., Noyce, J. and Stevens, D.E., 2015. Corporate America and community health: exploring the business case for investment.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,57(5), pp.493-500. Remenyi, D. and Sherwood-Smith, M., 2012.IT investment: making a business case. Routledge. Squires, G. and Hutchison, N., 2014. The death and life of Tax Increment Financing (TIF) Redevelopment lessons in affordable housing and implementation.Property Management,32(5), pp.368-377. Tan, J., Chen, L., Zou, W. and Zhou, Y., 2014. An Empirical Study on the Impacted Groups of Affordable Housing Termination Policy: A Case from Guangzhou. van Dijk, H., van Engen, M. and Paauwe, J., 2012. Reframing the business case for diversity: A values and virtues perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,111(1), pp.73-84. Willard, B., 2012.The new sustainability advantage: seven business case benefits of a triple bottom line. New Society Publishers.

The Association between Dust Incidents and Respiratory Diseases in Abu Dhabi

Introduction The climate’s peculiarities of the Middle East make the population of the countries in the region suffer from a lot of dust incidents every year which occur frequently in relation to the definite season. Summer is the period with the most intensive dust storms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Iran, Syria, and Iraq.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Association between Dust Incidents and Respiratory Diseases in Abu Dhabi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The population of the countries with the similar weather conditions such as Lebanon and Israel observe the most drastic dust storms in spring. Dust storms are typical for the climate of Egypt not only for springs but also for winters. The problem is in the fact that such dust incidents as dust storms have a lot of negative effects not only on the environment and economy of the countries but also on their population’s health. Researchers state that it is possible to examine the direct dependence of the development of respiratory diseases among the population of the Middle Eastern countries on the dust storms’ frequency (Akbari, 2011; Kutiel Furman, 2003). Moreover, the possibility of frequent dust storms as the characteristic feature of the region’s climate negatively affects the development of such chronic diseases caused by the sandstorm dust as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this research is to examine and describe the possible correlation between such dust incidents as dust storms and the prevalence of respiratory diseases in the Middle Eastern region with references to the situation in Abu Dhabi. The climate conditions of Abu Dhabi are characterized by frequent dust and sand storms which negatively affect the population’s state of health and cause different respiratory diseases which are often discussed as chronic ones (asthma and COPD). The Nature and Impacts of Dust/Sand Storms in the Region of the Middle East The causes of dust/sand storms in the UAE are the same ones as in any country of the Middle Eastern region. The sand storms are caused by the forces of wind and the prolonged droughts contribute to the development of the process. Thus, the wind affects the vibration of sand particles which later begin to saltate. Akbari states that then the particles of sand â€Å"repeatedly strike the ground, they loosen smaller particles of dust which then begin to travel in suspension† (Akbari, 2011, p. 228). The Persian Gulf region â€Å"suffers from considerably more dust storms than the other regions. The averaged maximum occurs in the summer during which for more than 30% of the time there is a level of airborne dust that reduces visibility to below 11 km† (Akbari, 2011, p. 229). Moreover, dust incidents can also occur in spring and winter when the percentage of their frequency is rather low. Dust storm s are characterized by a lot of negative impacts which can be discussed as rather severe for the countries’ environment, economy, and social life of the population in relation to the increase of health problems, especially a development of the respiratory diseases.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kutiel and Furman, with references to the investigations of the other researchers, determine such negative effects of dust and sand storms in the region as the reduced soil fertility and possible damage to crops which are harmful for agriculture. It is also possible to observe the extreme reduction of solar radiation, and the consequences of this process are the efficiency of solar devices. Sand storms can destroy telecommunications and other mechanical systems. They result in the dirt, air pollution, and the increase of respiratory diseases (Akbari, 2011; Kutiel Furman, 2003). Why are sand storms so risky for the environment and population of the UAE? Akbari pays attention to the fact that â€Å"a sandstorm can move whole sand dunes. Dust storms can carry large amounts of dust, so much so that the leading edge of one can appear as a solid wall of dust as much as 1.6 km (1 mile) high† (Akbari, 2011, p. 228). The effects of this phenomenon can be dangerous for the territory where the process is the most intensive. To prevent the negative effects of dust and sand storms which are observed in the region during the whole year, it is necessary to concentrate on examining the peculiarities of these dust incidents, accentuating the factors which contribute to their development. Moreover, it is also important to work out the system of effective decreasing the consequences of the drastic sand storms. The economists pay much attention to overcoming the impacts of sand storms on the agriculture, the ecologists concentrate on protecting the envir onment from these severe processes, and doctors develop the ways to reduce the negative effects of dust and sand storms for people who suffer from asthma and COPD. The problem of dust storms is also typical for the territories which have different climatic conditions in comparison with those ones in the UAE. In their research, Shao and Dong focus on the methods to cope with dust storms effectively at the territories of China, Korea, and Japan (Shao Dong, 2006). The researchers’ conclusions about the effectiveness of monitoring dust storms and modeling systems to predict the consequences and overcome the impacts can be effective for analyzing the aspects of the problem in the UAE because the negative effects of dust storms on the quality of the people’s life, their health, and social activities can be considered as comparable for these countries.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Association between Dust Incidents and Respiratory Disea ses in Abu Dhabi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Problem of Respiratory Diseases in the World and in Abu Dhabi The increase of the amount of people who suffer from the respiratory diseases which have the chronic form can be observed every year. Moreover, chronic respiratory diseases become the cause for increasing the level of mortality in the definite countries. According to the data presented at the meeting of Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), asthma and COPD caused the death of 250 000 persons in 2005, and this number increases every year with taking the third position of causing the people’s death globally (WHO, 2008, p.1). According to the results of Hajat, Harrison, and Shather’s research, respiratory diseases take the sixth position as the cause of deaths in Abu Dhabi. That is why, respiratory diseases are discussed as the influential factors for causing the persons’ deaths w ith references to non-communicable diseases (Hajat, Harrison, Shather, 2012). (Hajat, Harrison, Shather, 2012). The situation in the UAE can be compared with the situation in the countries with the similar climatic conditions. It is stated in researches that respiratory diseases is the main causes for the population’s deaths in Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon (WHO, 2006). According to Nuwayhid, Youssef, and Habib, â€Å"rainfall decrease and increase in temperature will increase air pollution and consequently cause an increase in respiratory illnesses among urban populations, particularly in Egypt, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates† (Nuwayhid, Youssef, Habib, 2009, p. 90). The development of these diseases is correlated with the frequency of dust incidents.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is possible to determine such causes for developing the chronic respiratory diseases as the intensification of the air pollution caused by increasing the level of dangerous substances in the air. Breathing the extremely polluted air as a result of the industries’ development, a lot of people over the world suffer from the reduced lung function, different symptoms of asthma and COPD, and from chronic bronchitis. However, the situation in the UAE is more complicated because of the fact the majority of symptoms of the respiratory diseases depend on the high level of presence of the sand and dust particles in the air. Thus, the professors who presented their reports at the GARD meeting stated that the percentage of the morbidity and mortality caused by asthma and COPD is comparatively high in the Middle East, and the risky situation continues to develop (WHO, 2008). In spite of the fact the main cause for the development of the chronic respiratory diseases is determined by the researchers as the climatic peculiarities and the frequent occurrence of dust and sand storms, the aspects of ‘civilization’ also significantly influence the prevalence of the respiratory diseases in the region. According to Hajat, Harrison, and Shather, the increase of chronic diseases in Abu Dhabi, including respiratory diseases, is connected with the growth of the region’s status and its intensive development (Hajat, Harrison, Shather, 2012). The definite aspects of the western way of life such as the growth of industries and transport can cause the people’s suffering from non-communicable diseases. The rapid growth of industries â€Å"is causing air quality to become poor in the large cities due to motor vehicles and industrial emissions. The health impact can be seen by the fact that the incidence of respiratory diseases has increased in the past 10 years† (WHO, 2006, p. 44). The next important factor is smoking. Thus, the quality of the air decreases, and the peculiarities of the climate in Abu Dhabi contribute to complicating the situation. Nevertheless, the researchers are inclined to associate the problem of respiratory diseases in the UAE, and Abu Dhabi in particular, with the peculiarities of the region’s hot and dry climate. Thus, occasional violent sand and dust storms can cause a lot of damage, reduce visibility, and contribute to worsening the health of those persons who suffer from different respiratory diseases. In their investigation, Zaabi and the group of researchers concentrated on the connection between the development of COPD in Abu Dhabi and smoking. The researchers concluded that there are no direct connections between the health problems and smoking because of the fact there are a lot of the other factors which stimulate the worsening of the population’s health state in Abu Dhabi and the increase of the amount of people with chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD (Zaabi et al., 2010 ). Thus, the question of more risky factors for developing respiratory diseases remains open because the situation in Abu Dhabi can be discussed as caused by the combination of the negative impacts of breathing the chemically polluted air, smoking, breathing the air with the particles of sand and dust storms. Salvi and Barnes also focus on examining the possible correlations between the fact of active or passive smoking and the development of COPD, and they conclude that chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depend not only on the fact of smoking or the effects of biomass fuel but also on the combination of the definite socio-economic factors, and the peculiarities of the certain nations’ development (Salvi Barnes, 2009). The results of the research are significant for analyzing the role of such factors as, for instance, smoking and breathing the air polluted with the sand and dust particles for the development of the respiratory diseases. It is possible t o conclude that the prevalence of respiratory diseases in the UAE and Abu Dhabi is based on such significant factors as the progress of the life according to the definite western patterns, the industries’ growth, the development of the unhealthy habit to smoke, the pollution of the air with the sand and dust particles which is caused by the occasional sand storms. Chronic respiratory diseases are the causes for a lot of deaths in the region, and the frequency of sand and dust storms can be discussed as the negative factor for changing the statistical data in relation to the issue. The Connection between Dust/Sand Storms and Respiratory Diseases in Abu Dhabi Today, a lot of people who live in Abu Dhabi suffer from coughing and wheezing, such chronic respiratory diseases as asthma and COPD. Mahboub, Santhakumar, Soriano, and Pawankar conducted the complex research to examine the peculiarities of asthma in the UAE, concentrating on the factors which stimulate its development and on the ways of the effective treatment (Mahboub, Santhakumar, Soriano, Pawankar, 2010). The problem is in the fact chronic respiratory diseases are often caused by the combination of negative factors among which it is necessary to focus on smoking and the climatic peculiarities of the region. Thus, dust and sand storms are discussed as the most influential aspects for developing the people’s shortness of breath and worsening their chronic respiratory diseases. Kwaasi (as cited in Nuwayhid, Youssef, Habib, 2009, p. 92) pays attention to the fact that sandstorm dust is a â€Å"prolific source of potential triggers of allergic and nonallergic respiratory ailments†. Such dust incidents as sand storms in the UAE are the environmental risk factors which cause the prevalence of asthma, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and COPD in the region. The periods which can be considered as the seasons of dust/sand storms in Abu Dhabi are characterized by the pat ients’ frequent complaints about their chronic respiratory diseases or allergic rhinitis. That is why, it is important for people to stay indoors when the violent sand storms occur in order to avoid the deterioration of the physical state of those persons who suffer from asthma or COPD. Nowadays, many researchers agree that it is possible to observe the direct correlation between the development of asthma, COPD, and the other respiratory diseases and the frequency of dust and sand storms in the UAE because the particles of sand influence the respiratory system, causing its allergic reactions or worsening the chronic diseases (Nuwayhid, Youssef, Habib, 2009). From this point, the climatic and weather peculiarities of the region such as the vast desert area and the changes in temperature provoke dust incidents which cause a lot of respiratory diseases, and this logic chain ends with the high percentage of mortality affected by the development of respiratory diseases in the UAE (Hajat, Harrison, Shather, 2012). In spite of the fact dust/sand storms are dangerous for the people’s health in Abu Dhabi because of the peculiarities of this weather phenomenon, the situation can be complicated with the persons’ habit to smoke. Breathing the air polluted with the sand particles and gases, people increase the risks of worsening their physical state and developing chronic respiratory diseases. The researchers pay attention to the fact that dust and sand storms can provoke the development of the respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and allergic rhinitis and can prolong the patients’ suffering from COPD and bronchial asthma (Zaabi et al., 2011). It is important to note that the seasons of dust and sand storms in the UAE are the periods of the hot and windy weather when the percentage of the patients’ complaints about their health and respiratory diseases is extremely high, and it can be very low during the other seasons of a year. Thus, dust and sand storms are directly associated with increasing the level of respiratory diseases in the UAE, and in Abu Dhabi in particular. It is rather difficult to find the ways of prevention from developing allergies and worsening asthma during the seasons of dust and sand storms because of the necessity to go outdoors and continue the everyday activity. That is why, doctors draw the patients’ attention to the importance of following some rules among which the avoidance of smoking and covering their nose and mouth while being outdoors. Some easy forms of the respiratory diseases caused by the dust and sand storms which are typical for the region of the UAE can develop into asthma, lung diseases, and even trachea and bronchus cancers. From this point, the problem of respiratory diseases and its association with the frequency of dust incidents in Abu Dhabi is important for examining by the researchers because respiratory diseases are the cause for the premature deaths of the population in the region. Conclusions The high level of mortality from respiratory diseases in the UAE, and in Abu Dhabi in particular, is based on the peculiarities of the climate in the region when the hot and dry windy weather influences the dust incidents which cause the persons’ problems with the respiratory system. Dust/sand storms affect the situation when millions of sand particles are distributed with the help of the wind and provoke the development of the allergic reactions. Dust and sand storms are frequent in summer and spring, and these seasons are characterized by the extremely high percentage of the patients’ complaints about asthma, COPD, and allergies. To avoid the negative effects of dust incidents, it is necessary for people to stay predominantly indoors and protect their nose and mouth when they are outdoors. It is possible to conclude that the prevalence of asthma, COPD, and other respiratory diseases in Abu Dhabi is directly associated with dust storms in the region because these dust incidents provoke the negative stimulation of the people’s respiratory system, contributing to the development of a lot of symptoms such as coughing and problems with breathing. Living in the UAE, people have to adapt to the climatic peculiarities in order to avoid the health problems, and respiratory diseases caused by these peculiarities can be discussed as characteristic for the population’s health in Abu Dhabi. References Akbari, S. (2011). Dust storms, sources in the Middle East and economic model for survey it s impacts. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12), 227-233. Hajat, C., Harrison, O., Shather, Z. (2012). A profile and approach to chronic disease in Abu Dhabi. Globalization and Health, 8(18), 1-24. Kutiel, H. Furman, H. (2003). Dust Storms in the Middle East: Sources of origin and their temporal characteristics. Indoor Built Environ,12, 419–426. Mahboub, B. H. S. H., Santhakumar, S., Sorian o, J. B., Pawankar, R. (2010). Asthma insights and reality in the United Arab Emirates. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 5(4), 217–221. Web. Nuwayhid, I., Youssef, R., Habib, R. R. (2009). Human health. In M. K. Tolba N. Saab (Eds.) Arab environment. Climate change: Impact of climate change on Arab countries (pp. 88-98). Beirut, Lebanon: AFED. Salvi, S. S. Barnes, P. J. (2009). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers. Lancet, 374, 733-743. Shao, Y. Dong, C. H. (2006). A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring. Global and Planetary Change, 52, 1–22. World Health Organization (2006). Health system profile: The UAE. Web. World Health Organization (2008). Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD). Web. Zaabi, A. A., Asad, F., Abdou, J., Musaabi, H. A., Saiari, M. B., Buhussien, A. S. M., Nagelkerke, N., Soriano, J. B. (2011). Prevalence of COPD in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Respiratory Medicine, xx, 1-5. This research paper on The Association between Dust Incidents and Respiratory Diseases in Abu Dhabi was written and submitted by user Malice to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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